It is a surgical procedure to create an opening through the neck into the trachea. Typically, a tube is placed through this opening to provide an airway and remove secretions from the lungs. This tube is called a tracheostomy or tracheal tube.
General anesthesia is used. The neck is cleaned and covered with sterile dressings; Surgical incisions are then made to expose the hard cartilaginous rings that make up the outer wall of the trachea. The surgeon then creates an opening inside the trachea and inserts the tracheostomy tube.
Nursing Considerations:
-When the traquostomy is temporary, the tube is eventually removed. Healing is rapid and leaves minimal scarring. However, if the tracheostomy tube is permanent, the hole remains open and may require surgical closure when it is no longer needed.
-Most people require 1 to 3 days to adapt to breathing through the tracheostomy tube, and it will take some time for them to learn how to communicate with others. The person cannot speak or make sounds initially, but after training and practice, they learn to speak with the tracheostomy tube.
-The objectives of tracheostomy care are: Keep the airway patent and free of secretions. Keep the trachea intact, without injuries. Keep the tracheostoma free and without injuries. Promote self-care of the affected person. Prevent infection.